Shaanxi People's Art Theatre Co., Ltd. was founded in 1948, with its predecessor being the Cultural and Artistic Troupe of the 19th Army of the People's Liberation Army of China. In the early years of the People's Republic, the troupe was collectively transferred to civilian status and reestablished as the Shaanxi Provincial Drama Troupe. In 1959, it was also placed in charge of the actor troupe of the Xi'an Film Studio, assuming the dual functions of both theatre production and filmmaking. In 1960, with approval from the Ministry of Culture, the drama troupes of three provinces and three municipalities were renamed "People's Art Theatres," and the company was consequently renamed Shaanxi Provincial People's Art Theatre. In 2009, it was restructured as a state-owned enterprise and renamed Shaanxi People's Art Theatre Co., Ltd.

Over the 77 years since its founding, Shaanxi People's Art Theatre has steadfastly adhered to a people-centered creative orientation, upheld the principles of "serving the people and serving socialism" and the policy of "letting a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend," and remained committed to the path of realist artistic creation. It has cultivated and fostered a large cohort of highly accomplished, professionally skilled, and capable artists, and has created a body of outstanding works that have been warmly received by audiences and have enjoyed enduring success on stage.